ironseed 0.4.0

Breaking Changes

The underlying hash algorithms have been updated to use magic constants derived from the fractional parts of sqrt(2), sqrt(3), and sqrt(5). This follows the convention of other hash algorithms. The Weyl sequences are now initialized with the magic constant. This ensures that a coefficient of 0 is not encountered until the 2^64-th iteration.
ironseed(list()), ironseed(integer()), etc. are now equivalent to ironseed(). ironseed(NULL) still creates the default/null ironseed. This change was made to support package and tools authors who can now easily control whether their code defaults to a random or a deterministic ironseed if no seeds were passed by a user.
create_seedseq() now includes a salt parameter to vary the generated seed sequence. The generated sequence now depends on both the ironseed and the salt. Package and tools authors can specify a salt constant to generate unique seed sequences even if users reuse ironseeds across applications. A salt parameter was also added to several functions that call create_seedseq().

The function digest() has been added to to calculate variable length ironseed digests for arbitrary R objects.

with_ironseed() and local_ironseed() will automatically construct an ironseed if their seeds argument is list(). Arguments of NULL, list(NULL), c(), list(c()), etc. still create the default ironseed.

The underlying hash algorithms have been updated to only use odd coefficients, which avoids hashing values using a coefficient of zero. This does not affect the strongly universal property of the multilinear hash, but it does mean that the coefficient sequence will loop after 2^63 inputs instead of 2^64 inputs.
ironseed() now defaults to initializing .Random.seed. Making the default depend on whether the seed has been initialized ended up being counter-intuitive and easy to forget.
Retrieving the last-used ironseed is no longer done via ironseed(). A dedicated get_ironseed() function is now used for that purpose.
ironseed() without any arguments now generates an automatic ironseed and ironseed(NULL) generates the ‘null’ ironseed.
The return value of ironseed() is now always invisible.
set_ironseed() requires at least one data argument and only uses the dots method for creating an ironseed.

New get_ironseed() function returns the last ironseed used to initialize .Random.seed. This is a replacement for the discontinued functionality of using ironseed::ironseed() to return the seed that was last used.
The extraction of seeds from command line parameters now detects seeds passed as the next value after a “–seed” argument. Seeds written directly after “–seed=” are still supported. Any arguments after a “–” parameter are now ignored. The one-dash “-seed” argument is recognized as well.

The format of the message emitted when initializing .Random.seed has been updated to better indicate that a seed was set.

Avalanche behavior and observed randomness were improved by including additional bit mixing at the end of hashing. This changes the calculation of all ironseeds and seed streams, but allows the algorithms to pass PractRand tests.
When hashing a string, ironseed now includes the length of the string in the hash. This avoids input collision for two strings that are of different length but correspond to the same set of 32-bit values due to padding.

New with_ironseed() and local_ironseed() functions to temporarily change the .Random.seed state.
New streaming API: ironseed_stream() function returns a function that can be called multiple times to generate a stream of output seeds. There are also new with_ironseed_stream() and local_ironseed_stream() functions as well.
ironseed() gained a new methods parameter to control which methods are used for input seeds. The following methods are supported (in order of default precedence)
- “dots” extracts one or more seeds from arguments passed to ironseed().
- “args” extracts one or more seeds from the command line.
- “env” extracts a seed from an environment variable named “IRONSEED”.
- “auto” extracts seeds from local sources of system entropy.
- “null” uses a default seed.
Automatically generated ironseeds will now use also use entropy from hostnames and cluster job ids (if present).

New set_ironseed(...) function to wrap ironseed(..., set_seed = TRUE)
New create_ironseed() function to construct an ironseed from objects. This function has a stricter interface than ironseed() and is useful for internal usage.
ironseed() now requires ... arguments to be unnammed.
Better support for MacOS and PowerPC (from Sergey Fedorov @barracuda156)
Better support for *BSD systems
Better support for big-endian systems