| AMS | AMS Adaptive Multilevel Splitting estimator for rare-event option payoffs. |
| simulate_AMS | simulate_AMS Monte Carlo simulation of price paths under: 1 = Black–Scholes (exact solution) 2 = Heston (Euler discretisation) 3 = Heston (Milstein discretisation) 4 = Heston (Quadratic–Exponential scheme, Andersen 2008) |